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Hormones, Registered Dietitian, Reproductive Health

Reasons For A Shorter Luteal Phase and Low Progesterone

April 12, 2018 By Robyn 27 Comments

We left off in last week’s post talking about reasons your cycle could be longer due to delayed ovulation or not ovulating at all. We focused on talking about the follicular phase. This is part 2 of that post where you can also read about what a “normal” period looks like. In this post we’re switching gears and talking about the luteal phase.

To back up a bit, let’s do a quick recap. The first day of your menstrual period marks the beginning of your follicular phase. This is when a follicle in one of your ovaries gets ready to release and egg – which is what we call ovulation. After ovulation, that is when you enter into the luteal phase. This phase typically lasts 12-16 days. During the luteal phase your body is getting ready for a potential pregnancy. To do so, the follicle in your ovary that contained the egg that was released becomes the corpus luteum. And this corpus luteum releases the hormone progesterone – progesterone thickens the lining of your uterus so the fertilized egg can implant.

If fertilization of the egg does not occur (which is the more common route) the follicle still becomes the corpus luteum and the corpus luteum still produces progesterone in order to prepare your uterine lining for implantation of a fertilized egg – your uterine lining is made into a nice, fluffy bed for the fertilized egg to implant. If fertilization doesn’t occur, then the corpus luteum stops producing progesterone at the end of your luteal phase (day 12-16ish) and therefore progesterone drops and menstruation occurs. This is then day 1 of your cycle when you start bleeding and thus begins the follicular phase all over again.

Ok so now that we have that sorted out, let’s talk about what can make the luteal phase shorter than normal. If you have a shorter luteal phase you can potentially have a shorter cycle which is less than 21 days. But keep in mind that changes in cycle length are usually related to changes in length of the follicular phase like we talked about in this previous post.

The luteal phase starts with ovulation and ends with menstruation. And thankfully, the luteal phase can tell you a lot about your fertility. Keep in mind that in order to know the length of your luteal phase, you would have to not be taking hormonal birth control or other mediations that can affect your cycle (read more about that here) and you either would have to monitor your cervical mucus and/or basal body temperature or you could use ovulation sticks that you pee on like a pregnancy test. If you want to get to know your body and your cycle, I’d encourage you to learn to monitor your cervical mucus…even if you’re just monitoring loosely. I promise being able to notice your cervical mucus changes when you wipe with toiler paper after going to the bathroom can be so empowering and informative as a woman. You can read more about how to do that here.

Once you get comfy with noticing when you’re ovulating, then you can count the days until you bleed and that’s how you know the length of your luteal phase. As mentioned above, 12-16ish days is considered normal and anything less than that (11 or fewer days) is considered abnormal. Depending on who you talk to, they might say 10 days or less. The problem with having a shorter luteal phase is that, according to research, this suggests that two etiologies could be at play…

1) The developed corpus luteum doesn’t produce enough progesterone, so levels drop earlier and you menstruate sooner. These low levels of progesterone also make it difficult (and pretty much impossible) for your body to sustain a pregnancy because the corpus luteum isn’t producing the amount of progesterone needed to do so.

2) Your uterine lining – also called your endometrium – doesn’t respond like it should to progesterone. If the endometrium doesn’t respond to the progesterone like it should, that means it doesn’t thicken and turn into that nice, fluffy bed and therefore the fertilized egg can’t implant into your uterine lining.

The main takeaway point here is that a shorter luteal phase has to do with insufficient progesterone levels.

Symptoms of low progesterone, potentially causing a shorter luteal phase

  • spotting in between periods
  • fatigue
  • irritability
  • low sex drive
  • mood swings
  • infertility/trouble conceiving
  • headaches

Take these symptoms with a grain of salt because these are relatively vague and many many things (including common and benign things) can cause some of these symptoms. If you have a short luteal phase or you notice some of these symptoms keep reading below.

Some things to look into when thinking about what could cause a shorter luteal phase include:

  • endometriosis
  • excessive exercise for your body
  • STRESS (cortisol inhibits progesterone)
  • nutrition (always plays a role in everything – especially eating enough)
  • high prolactin levels inhibit ovulation and progesterone production
  • PCOS (which can cause anovulation and therefore insufficient progesterone)
  • under or over active thyroid

Deep breaths. If any of this is resonating I hope you are feeling informed and therefore empowered versus overwhelmed. Having a shorter luteal phase and/or low progesterone is not the end of the world at all and there is so much that can be done. You can read more about how the causes listed below affect your hormones here.

So we know that shorter luteal phases and therefore insufficient progesterone can affect your fertility, but what are the effects if you aren’t trying to get pregnant?

Progesterone plays a big role in your overall health! Here a few of those roles…

Bone Health. I’ve written in length about estrogen’s role in bone health, but progesterone certainly plays a role too. Although the research on estrogen and bone health is FAR MORE abundant, there is research discussing the significant impact progesterone has in building bones.

Sleep. Progesterone helps us to fall asleep quickly, stay asleep and sleep soundly. And sleep has a profound impaction not only our hormones but our overall health.

Protects against cancers. You need progesterone to balance out estrogen so estrogen doesn’t overstimulate breast and uterine tissue which can lead to breast and endometrial cancer.

Libido. While there is must more research on the role of estrogen and women’s sex drive, progesterone also seems to play a role.

This post is in no way all encompassing or comprehensive, so I always encourage you to talk with your health care provider. But I hope the above is informative and empowering as you learn how to best care for yourself. Your doctor can draw a simple blood test to assess your progesterone levels and then partner with you to help improve your health.

And lastly, if any of this resonates with you I also really encourage you to get the help you need from a health care practitioner you trust. Whether that’s us at Real Life Women’s Health, someone I can refer you to or a health care practitioner in your local area. Although these don’t take the place of a health care provider, you can start taking steps today to better care for yourself with my free mini email course on healing hormones and you can also check out my online course on healing hormones and getting a regular period back.


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Filed Under: Hormones, Registered Dietitian, Reproductive Health

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Comments

  1. Caroline says

    April 12, 2018 at 6:40 am

    Hallelujah, Robyn! This is what I needed this week. I’ve been trying to figure out and learn about the links between my cycles and my thyroid and I have been having trouble getting clear explanations but THIS was exactly what I needed. Even though I’m years away from even thinking of having children, I want to have my body be in a healthy and safe place hormonally and the time to start is now. Thank you for such an empowering message, and I’ll be having a nice, thorough chat with my HCP 🙂

    Reply
    • Robyn says

      April 13, 2018 at 7:28 am

      I’m so glad it was helpful for you Caroline! I am excited for you to have a good discussion with your PCP so he/she can help you best. 🙂

      Reply
  2. Katie says

    April 12, 2018 at 8:50 am

    These posts are SO helpful! I’ve started tracking now because I want to be in tune with my cycle and it’s so eye-opening! Cheers to good hormone health 😉

    Reply
    • Robyn says

      April 13, 2018 at 7:28 am

      That’s why I began too – to simply be more in tune with my body. Best to you!

      Reply
  3. Hillary says

    April 12, 2018 at 8:54 am

    This is right where I’m at right now. I started seeing my dietitian again, stopped exercising, put on a little weight and got my period back after 16 years! We are have been trying to get pregnant for 6 months (since I got my period), but after using ovulation sticks have found that my luteal phase is 7-ish days. My cycle is about 29 days, I just ovulate really late. It’s so frustrating because I was so thrilled to get my period back and am now realizing that I may need to put on a little more weight and cut out exercise again after adding back in a very moderate amount. I am trying to be grateful that my body has started functioning again so quickly after finally making necessary changes, but man, that biological clock sure kicks my butt sometimes!

    Reply
    • Lindsey G. says

      April 12, 2018 at 5:37 pm

      Hi Hillary! So I was in a similar situation a few years ago, I could not get pregnant even though I was having “regular” periods. Come to find out after trying for over a year that I had a very short luteal phase and I had to pretty much completely stop exercising to get pregnant. I considered myself in the “normal” weight range but I think I was just putting too much stress on my body. Best of luck to you! Sending you good baby vibes!

      Reply
      • Emily says

        April 15, 2018 at 8:05 pm

        Lindsey – Would you mind sharing if your luteal phase lengthened once you cut back on exercise or did it stay the same but you still were able to get pregnant? I feel like I’m in a similar situation as mine is only about 8 days. I do exercise a lot and love it, but am starting to wonder if I need to take things down a notch in order to lengthen my luteal phase so I can get pregnant.

        Reply
        • Lindsey Giles says

          April 15, 2018 at 8:35 pm

          I’m actually not sure if my literal phase lengthened or not because I had to stop tracking for my mental and emotional health. It was too much for me to keep tracking my temperature everyday along with taking supplements etc. In May 2016 I almost completely stopped exercising besides walking and got pregnant September 2016. So stopping exercising and maybe going on a cruise with my hubby and destressing are what I think finally helped after trying for over a year. It was weird for me to not get pregnant right away because I did immediately with my daughter. Best of luck to you! It’s so special when you’ve waited so long for a baby and it finally happens!

          Reply
    • Robyn says

      April 13, 2018 at 7:30 am

      Our reproductive systems can be so sensitive and some women have more sensitive system than others – I’m one of the more sensitive ones so you’re not alone! I like to think that this process really helps in the healing of our mind with food, exercise and our body. Rooting for you Hillary!

      Reply
  4. Rachel says

    April 12, 2018 at 11:46 am

    Is this the same as ovulating later in your cycle, my cycle is usually 31 days and my temperature spikes about day 23.

    Reply
    • Robyn says

      April 13, 2018 at 7:31 am

      A short luteal phase isn’t from ovulating late…you’d actually have a longer follicular phase. Click on the link in the first few lines of this post to see info on that!

      Reply
  5. Laura says

    April 12, 2018 at 6:30 pm

    This doesn’t relate to this post at all, but do you think you could write about how to have exercise related goals (i.e. running a race) while still maintaining a mindful relationship with exercise?

    Reply
    • Robyn says

      April 13, 2018 at 7:32 am

      I’ll add this to my list Laura!

      Reply
  6. Katie B. says

    April 12, 2018 at 8:51 pm

    Great post, super helpful! What role does genetics play in this? Are some people just more likely to have a short luteal phase?

    Reply
    • Mary says

      April 13, 2018 at 1:34 am

      Good question!

      Reply
      • Robyn says

        April 13, 2018 at 7:35 am

        see my answer below Mary! 🙂

        Reply
    • Robyn says

      April 13, 2018 at 7:35 am

      genetics certainly play a role in many hormonal issues so there could be a link – I haven’t read anything that explicitly states that (that doesn’t mean there isn’t research that does) but based on what we know about the endocrine system and genetics I think it’s reasonable to assume so.

      Reply
  7. Mary says

    April 13, 2018 at 1:34 am

    Thank, Robyn! Would you be able to write a follow-up post on ways to increase progesterone naturally – whether that’s with certain nutritious foods or increasing sleep, etc? Or make that section of your course a stand alone option you could buy individually? And even info on various natural progesterone creams or bio-identical hormone therapy? Thanks for the great post!

    Reply
    • Emily says

      April 15, 2018 at 8:11 pm

      I second this!

      Reply
  8. ERIC BERG says

    April 16, 2018 at 4:11 pm

    Besides helping people losing weight, ketosis also contributes to reduce the levels of stress because the adrenals glans do not produce too much cortisol, and in turn, the insulin levels in the bloodstream decrease significantly. Besides this blog, this app https://goo.gl/8htboZ?drericbergandroid can walk you on the topic much more easily.

    Reply
  9. J says

    April 18, 2018 at 6:55 pm

    Hey Robyn, just wanted to thank you again for answering my question and for doing such a thorough job. Really appreciate all that you do!

    Reply
  10. Sara Krahn says

    September 13, 2018 at 5:23 pm

    Very helpful article! I would be interested in knowing what types of excersise are best for those with low progesterone. I want to stay fit but not interfere with increasing my progesterone levels. Is HIIT a good option?

    Reply
    • Robyn says

      September 14, 2018 at 8:57 am

      I would NOT recommend HIIT – rather low intensity movement

      Reply
      • Rachael P says

        October 4, 2019 at 10:38 pm

        Is 60 minute heated yoga ok?

        Reply
  11. Lauren C says

    November 12, 2018 at 10:03 pm

    I found this article to be one of the most helpful! My one question that I can not seem to find anywhere-if some luteal phase defects are thought to be the cause of excess exercise, this to me would imply that this is reversible with decreasing exercise and some weight gain…is there any information on how long it takes for cycles to normalize once implementing a lifestyle of less aggressive exercise?

    Reply
    • Robyn says

      November 13, 2018 at 8:09 am

      Glad it was helpful Lauren! It is going to vary from individual to individual given your history, lifestyle factors, lab work etc…so there really isn’t an answer unfortunately!

      Reply

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A non-diet dietitian and nurse practitioner helping women find peace with food, accept their natural body size and heal from hormonal issues and period problems.

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