Our menstrual cycles can tell us women a lot about our health. As someone who went 10 years without getting a period on my own (I never bled unless taking birth control) and was continually told I was “fine” even though I was far from “fine” I’ve become rather passionate about educating women on their reproductive health. I don’t know everything, but I’m building my knowledge daily in hopes of knowing as much as I possibly can.
I feel like as women we don’t get educated enough by the healthcare system on our reproductive health so we walk around not really knowing much about our bodies – at least I felt that way through my teens and early twenties. And because of this, it’s really difficult for us to make informed, empowered decisions about our health.
If you’re like me, and not getting your period at all, here are several posts in addition to these three posts that I hope are helpful for you. If you’re taking hormonal birth control for any reason, unfortunately the bleeding you experience at the end of your pill pack won’t tell you much about your health since what you experience is a withdrawal bleed from not taking the hormones instead of an physiological period. Back in my teens and early twenties I thought I was getting an actual period on birth control like you would if you weren’t on birth control. I didn’t know when I bled on birth control it from the withdrawal of hormones, not from my body going through an actual menstrual cycle.
Also, keep in mind that some forms of hormonal birth control affect your “period” so you don’t get in monthly, that can be a normal and expected side effect. But most forms of hormonal birth control work cyclically so you get a withdrawal bleed every month. Whether you are taking birth control or not, my hope is that you find this post informative.
What is considered a “normal” period?
A couple of things to consider…if you’re still under the age of 18, you might experience longer cycles (greater than 35 days and even longer than 45 days between your periods) and/or you might not ovulate every cycle. This can be quite normal – your body is still developing and maturing and cycles usually normalize with age. For adults though, menstrual cycles are between 21 and 35 days. So from the time you start your period one month to the time you start your period the next month would be 21-35 days. Every woman is going to have a different “normal” within that range and you might experience some variations in length from month to month. That’s okay. But overall, women tend to have an average cycle length plus or minus a couple days.
Ideally, your period lasts two to seven days. Before your period you might experience some mild changes within your body like slight breast tenderness, mild cramping and a little bit of moodiness. But overall, these are very mild and do not interfere with your day to day life. PMS isn’t necessarily “normal.”
The first few days of your period are probably heavier, but not excessively heavy. You should be able to wear a super tampon for 3-4 hours and not leak. At the same time, bleeding isn’t too light for those first few days to where you can simply wear a panty liner and be fine. Blood should be a cranberry red color and should be that color throughout most of your period. You might notice a few small clots (dime sized) but anything larger could signal something else.
One really important thing to remember about your period is that one off changes in your cycle or period itself isn’t necessarily a cause for concern. Our bodies just sometimes do different things and we don’t know exactly why. It becomes more concerning, if you experience these changes for 3+ months in a row.
Normal vs Abnormal variations
I created this chart below to help illustrate normal vs abnormal changes in menstrual cycle and flow – keep in mind that this is not 100% exhaustive as that would probably be pages and pages long – but I’ve included the most common reasons for changes in your cycle. As always, check with your health care provider since they will know your individual health and needs – not the internet 🙂
Things to consider that might affect your period
Something you can do right now before getting in contact with your health care provider if you’re concerned is to do an inventory of your lifestyle.
Ask yourself these questions! Are you:
- getting enough sleep?
- nourishing your body with adequate energy and macronutrients?
- exercising at an appropriate frequency and intensity for your body?
- chronically stressed out?
Sometimes our bodies are resilient enough to handle an imbalance with one of these things, but when they face more than that (for example lack of sleep and stress or stress and intense exercise) our reproductive system is affected.
Consider any medications you might be taking and ask your health care provider if those could be affecting your cycle. Again, remember that one off ‘abnormal’ variations in your cycle are normal and normally not a cause for concern. But if you’re experience recurring symptoms, go see your health care provider.
What to do next if you suspect something might be up
First, get a professional medical opinion before relying on Dr. Google. This post is certainly not medical advice since every body is different. So make sure you’re caring for yourself by getting good medical care. From there, depending what might be going on, here are a few resources that might be helpful:
- You can sign up for my free email course on healing hormones here
- Here is a series of blog posts I wrote on PCOS a few months back
- Here is post on having a longer follicular phase and another post on having a shorter luteal phase
- Julie Duffy Dillon has a fantastic course for treating/managing PCOS using an Intuitive Eating and HAES framework
- If you have irregular or absent periods, I have an online course that walks you through the healing process step by step
- Heather Caplan has a webinar on women’s reproductive health and nutrition you can register for here
- The book, No Period, Now What, can be a great resource if you’re missing your period and/or facing infertility
I hope this post has been helpful, I’d love to hear your thoughts in the comments!
References
Bleeding Disorders in Women. (2015, August 28). Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/blooddisorders/women/menorrhagia.html
Women’s Health Care Physicians. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Adolescent-Health-Care/Menstruation-in-Girls-and-Adolescents-Using-the-Menstrual-Cycle-as-a-Vital-Sign
Women’s Health Care Physicians. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Abnormal-Uterine-Bleeding
THANK YOU for this post! I have often felt “abnormal” in the period world, but finally somebody has spoken about what is normal in a straightforward and easy to understand way! In fact, I think I am “normal” when it comes to my period. Thanks for writing this…extremely helpful!
I’m so glad you found it helpful Melissa! I too felt “abnormal” for many many years – but I’m so glad you have found it helpful and it’s brought clarity that you are having a healthy cycle!
Period problems are so frustrating! I have been on various forms of hormonal birth control over the last few years and have had nearly nonstop spotting/bleeding for approximately a year. My OB-GYN seems to disregard my concerns, telling me to just wait it out, although she did order an ultrasound over the summer which came back normal. Three days ago I decided to stop taking my birth control pills and let my body try and reset itself. I’m in a tough spot because I just got new health insurance with a very high deductible and can’t afford to see a different doctor or get any testing done.
Long story short – your blog gives me hope that I can get back to normal eventually!
I totally empathize with you being in that tough spot Katy! I am thinking of you and hoping you can get some good care soon – in the meantime I hope this is empowering and encouraging <3
It’s so fascinating that our periods can say so much about where our bodies and minds are at; and I think you have taught me SOOO much more than I ever learned before I was 20. Finding your blog was one of the best gifts for learning about the beauty of how God designed the woman’s body.
That means so much Emily. I too wish I had this information back in my late teens/early twenties 🙂
Hi, Robyn. Thank you so much for this helpful blog post! I read a lot about PCOS and HA in this community, but I was curious if you had any interest in doing a post on endometriosis. I was diagnosed with this a few years ago and it’s been a nightmare. OBGYNs try their best, but they haven’t been too helpful. Thank you for all of the work that you are doing. ❤️
Hi Alyssa,
Yes! We have a post on endometriosis coming up by the end of the year so look out for that. I work with clients who have endometriosis and through my work with them have gotten a glimpse into how incredibly painful and hellish it can be so I am thinking of you! There is some good research on supplementation and lifestyle changes that can be helpful!
I love this post, it’s so helpful!!
I know there’s a course on irregular periods and how to restore it, but I have always had an irregular period so there’s nothing to restore it to. Sometimes I don’t have a period for months and then I’ll go through a phase of having one every 2 weeks. My OBGYN says having an irregular period is totally normal, do you agree? Or is there something I can do about it?
Even though I don’t know your personal history Sydney, I wouldn’t call that “normal” unless your on a medication or have a medical diagnosis where this is a known and expected side effect.
this is really helpful! I was wondering if you have any insight to this… I had a history of restrictive eating (3+ years ago — doing fine with it now) and came off birth control about 2.5 years ago. i started getting my period again about 1.5 years ago — april 2017. since then it has been somewhat irregular but mostly just longer cycles (35-45 days). so far all of my blood work has come back normal (FSH, testosterone, prolactin, estradiol) I’m concerned I’m not ovulating and don’t know what else to ask my doctor to check for. she is still of the opinion that I need to gain weight, but I am not convinced that is the primary problem
Hi Heather – I hear your concerns! I hope the links I referenced at the bottom of the post will be helpful for you and if you’d like additional support we are happy to work with you 1:1 as a client!
I have an elavated prolactin level, which there isn’t much talk about. I had to take medication to reduce it in order to conceive, but now I don’t know if I “need” to take it if I’m not trying to conceive, if that makes sense. Without it, my cycle length can be anywhere from 40-60+ days and when I do get my period it’s spotty and doesn’t even require a tampon. Any insight into the prolactin level cause of irregular periods?
elevated prolactin like you’ll see in the chart can cause skipped periods…the links I referenced below have mention of prolactin too!
This is SUCH good information! My cycle is a weird normal. Mine never occurs the same dates as the month before, but I know my signs and it’s always regular and Norma, during. I feel a lot of ladies are not educated on what to be aware of if something is off. Thanks for sharing!
glad you found it helpful Emily!